Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes

Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes Daron Chua Synopsis In this experiment, the objectives of this experiment was to understand the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles and to synthersize Colloidal gold nanoparticles by liquid chemical method. Z-average of nanoparticles for the reddish solution and the greyish solution was 60.86 and 50.40 respectively. However it was noted that there were impurities in the solution hence affecting the Z-average. As such, the colour of the solution and the Z-average did not tally. It was discovered that by adding salt into the solutions there will be colour change. This is due to NaCl aggregating the nanoparticles together. This causes the nanoparticles to absorb the red light hence reflecting the solution in a more blue colour. Other methods of forming gold nanoparticles and a diverse application for gold nanoparticles were noted. Introduction The objectives of this experiment was to understand the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were synthesized by means of liquid chemical method. Theory Liquid Chemical Method Most of the gold nanoparticles are produced in a liquid (liquid chemical methods) byreduction of hydrogen tetrachloroautate (H[AuCl4]). By dissolving H[AuCl4], the solution is rapidly stirred while a reducing agent is being added. This causes Au3+ ions to be reduced to neutral goldatoms. As more and more of these gold atoms form, the solution becomes supersaturated, and gold gradually starts toprecipitatein the form of sub-nanometer particles. The rest of the gold atoms that form stick to the existing particles, and, if the solution is stirred vigorously enough, the particles will be fairly uniform in size showing the solution as red.To prevent the particles from aggregating, some sort of stabilizing agent that sticks to the nanoparticle surface is usually added. Also, gold colloids can be synthesized without stabilizers bylaser ablationsin liquids. They can be functionalized with various organic ligands to create organic-inorganic hybrids with advanced functionality. Several methods that revolve around this idea are Turkevich method, brust method and perrault method, etc. Gold Nanoparticles Colloidal goldis a suspension particles ofgoldin a fluid, usually water. The liquid is usually either an intense red colour (for particles less than 100nm) or blue/purple (for larger particles). As particle size increases, the wavelength of surface plasmon resonance related absorption shifts to longer, redder wavelengths. Red light is then absorbed, and blue light is reflected, yielding solutions with a pale blue or purple color. A change in temperature will also affect which the gold to be at a different energy band. The diameter of gold nanoparticles determines the Wavelength of light absorbed as shown on the diagram illustrated above. Procedures Stock Solution 0.1g of H[AuCl4] was dissolved in 500ml distilled water to obtain 1.0mM hydrogen tetrachloroautate. 0.5g of Na3C6H5O7.2H2O (trisodium citrate dehydrate) was dissolved in 50ml of distilled water to obtain 1% concentration. 0.5g of NaCl was dissolved in 10ml of distilled water. Experiment 20ml of 1.0mM H[AuCl4] was added to a conical flask. The conical flask was placed in a stirring hot plate and a magnetic stir bar was added. 2 samples were prepared. One was stirred continuously even it was at boiling point. The other sample stopped stirring once it was boiled. 2ml of 1% solution of trisodium citrate dehydrate was then added to the boiling solution. Gold Sol was gradually formed as citrate reduces the gold (III). Presence of a colloidal suspension was observed by the reflection of a laser beam from the particles. The solution of both samples were being transferred to two test tubes. 5 10 drops of 1M NaCl solution was added into one of the test tubes and the color change of the solution was being observed. The two solutions in the test tubes were being filtered with a 0.45 um syringe filter. The solutions were subsequently transferred into a sample holder. The Malvern Zetasizer Nano S Light scattering equipment was used to measure the size of the nanoparticles in the two sample holder. (0.47 refractive index was used.) Results Results as follows : Solution with spin even at boiling point : Colour observed : Reddish Brown Size of Gold nanoparticle : 63.77 with 3 peaks Peak 1 : 41.1, Peak 2 : 433.2, Peak 3 : 3913 Solution without spin at boiling point : Colour observed : Greyish / Bluish / Clear Size of Gold nanoparticle : 53.31 with 3 peaks Peak 1 : 143.9, Peak 2 : 1.651, Peak 3 : 3213 Calculation Standard Calibration 67.54nm 63.63nm = 2.91nm Size of Gold nanoparticle (Reddish/Brown) Z-Average 63.77nm 2.91nm = 60.86 nm Size of Gold nanoparticle (Greyish/Blue) Z-Average 53.31nm 2.91 nm = 50.40 nm Discussion From the results, Z average for the reddish brown solution was calculated at 60.86nm, while the greyish/blue was calculated at 50.40nm. With reference to theory, the results concluded by Z-average is inaccurate. By right, anything at the blue shift is of a larger particle size. By reading off the highest intensity peaks of both graphs of red and blue solutions, size of particles were 41.1nm and 143.9nm respectively. Ideally 1 peak in the chart would be best. Other peaks that affected the Z-average were probably impurities. This error may be due to carelessness of assuming all equipments provided for the experiment were clean. Hence there could be dirt or dust trapped whatsoever. In order to obtain even smaller particle sizes, adding of all solutions should have been done slowly, for example adding trisodium citrate drop by drop, allowing the droplet to fully react with the solution before adding in another. With that, the mixing part is no doubt the most crucial process parameter of the experiment. Other factors that affect particle sizes are mixing time and temperature and concentration. Different temperatures within the reaction will cause heat and mass transfer gradients. A low concentration of solution will yield too low of a result and lastly for our case, mixing time. Insufficient mixing time/stoppage of mixing will disallow the nanoparticles to disperse. Hence having a larger particle size. 1. Explain the functions of trisodium citrate used in this experiment. In this experiment, Trisodium citrate acts as an reducing agent to reduce hydrogen tetrachloroautate in order to produce spheroidal gold paticles. In general, the greater the concentration and power of the reducing agent. The smaller the resultant gold particles in the suspension. 2. Account for the colour change observed in step 4.6 In step 4.6 of the practical booklet, NaCl solution is added into the solution causing a colour change. By adding NaCl into the solution, it causes the gold nanoparticle surface charge to turn neutral, causing the nanoparticle to aggregate. As a result the solution colour changes from red to black blue. As for the greyish bluish solution, it turns to a even clearer solution. A larger particle size will cause absorption of the red light hence reflecting the solution as blue. 3. State two other synthesis methods for gold nanoparticles beside the liquid chemical method. Sonolysis One method for the experimental generation of gold particles is by sonolysis. The process is based on ultrasound. It uses the reaction of an aqueous solution of HAuCl4withglucose. The reducing agentsare hydroxyl radicals and sugar pyrolysis radicals. The morphology obtained is that of nanoribbons with width 30–50nm and length of several micrometers. These ribbons are very flexible and can bend with angles larger than 90Â °. When glucose is being replaced by cyclodetrin (a glucose oligomer), only spherical gold particles are obtained. Block Copolymer-mediated Method Other method for gold nanoparticles is by using a block copolymer.In this synthesis methodology, block copolymer plays the dual role of a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent. The formation of gold nanoparticles comprises three main steps: reduction of gold salt ion by block copolymers in the solution and formation of gold clusters, adsorption of block copolymers on gold clusters, and further reduction of gold salt ions on the surfaces of these gold clusters for the growth of gold particles in steps. This method usually has a limited-yield (nanoparticle concentration), which does not increase with the increase in the gold salt concentration. Recently a test has been done that by adding trisodium citrate in 1:1 molar ratio increases the gold formation by many gold. 4. Cite some other application in addition to those mentioned under introduction. Electronics Gold nanoparticles are designed for use as conductors from printable inks to electronic chips. As the world of electronics become smaller, nanoparticles are important components in the chip design. Nanoscale gold nanoparticles are being used to connect resistors, conductors, and other elements of an electronic chip. Probe Gold nanoparticles are relatively dense, making them useful as probes for transmission electron microscopy. Catalyst Gold nanoparticles are used as catalysts in a number of chemical reactions. The surface of a gold nanoparticle can be used for selective oxidation or in certain cases the surface can reduce a reaction (nitrogen oxides). Gold nanoparticles are being developed for fuel cell applications. These technologies would be useful in the automotive and display industry. Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment was not very successful as there were impurities in the solution. Hence the Z average was being affected. However objectives were met as colloidal gold was being synthesized and applications of gold particles were also understood. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_gold http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/materials-science/nanomaterials/gold-nanoparticles.html http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/9.html http://clustertwo.org/Shaowei Chen lectures/Cluster 2 lecture 2.pdf http://www.ivdtechnology.com/article/manufacturing-high-quality-gold-sol

Personal Narrative - My University Education Essay -- Personal Narrati

My University Education When I decided to attend State University, I pictured university education as an "Ivory Tower". I thought that I would be able to drown myself in my studies and not be affected by everyday life. Boy was I wrong. I found out in the fall of my freshman year that university education isn't the Ivory Tower that I pictured it to be. I was working 32 hours each week and attending classes full time and therefore, didn't have the time to devote to my studies that I had wanted to. When I look at my university education now, I can picture it as a trip that a family takes in the car. It's full of things that you want to see, things you don't want to see, and things you don't care about. The family begins the trip by planning where to go and what to do. Similar to a university education, a person plans what major to pursue and what classes to take. Just as travel plans always change, university plans always change. The major that was chosen changes to a different major and classes that the student planned to take are exchanged for other classes. Before th... Personal Narrative - My University Education Essay -- Personal Narrati My University Education When I decided to attend State University, I pictured university education as an "Ivory Tower". I thought that I would be able to drown myself in my studies and not be affected by everyday life. Boy was I wrong. I found out in the fall of my freshman year that university education isn't the Ivory Tower that I pictured it to be. I was working 32 hours each week and attending classes full time and therefore, didn't have the time to devote to my studies that I had wanted to. When I look at my university education now, I can picture it as a trip that a family takes in the car. It's full of things that you want to see, things you don't want to see, and things you don't care about. The family begins the trip by planning where to go and what to do. Similar to a university education, a person plans what major to pursue and what classes to take. Just as travel plans always change, university plans always change. The major that was chosen changes to a different major and classes that the student planned to take are exchanged for other classes. Before th...

voltaire :: essays research papers

Voltaire said that â€Å"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him† and I concur. Voltaire was trying to say that civilizations need a â€Å"higher power† to successfully work. Throughout history, every civilization (with the exception of those developed in the twentieth century) has had a god, or gods to explain the wonders of the natural world and provide guidance. From the ancient cultures of the Middle East and Asia to modern day western civilization, gods have played a major role in daily life. Voltaire more than likely knew that a civilization without order and a governing force would most certainly fail. As much as people turn to these gods for direction and explanation, they also turn to those same gods for discipline. What could possibly keep a person form committing wrong more than a person or thing with the capability (or fabled capability) of striking them down where they stand? Gods stand as method of â€Å"keeping people in line† so to speak. I know that as a child in a semi-devout roman catholic family, the â€Å"fear of God† idea may very well have stopped me from performing terrible atrocities (that is, atrocious in the scope of being a small child). No matter what, that â€Å"fear of God† has, and may very well always stand as the one supreme police force in the world. There have even been examples of godless societies throughout this century in literature, and even reality. Orwell’s classic 1949 novel 1984 depicts a twisted dystopia in which the government has eradicated gods and any other non-governmental aspect of life. The book, in one of the many sub-concepts of the work, shows the quality of life of the broken-spirited souls who have nothing to turn to for hope, or an end after the means. Orwell, like many other authors including Aldus Huxley in A Brave New World, shows that a society without god will imminently dissolve to failure.

Leadership – To lead or to follow That is the question

Title: To lead or to follow? That Is the question. Assignment Topic: Compare and contrast two leaders, at least one of whom must be a business leader. Which of the two was the more effective leader? Why? What skills did they demonstrate? These two leaders must be explicitly named in your assignment and will be drawn from your knowledge of them or from biographies of modern-day leaders. Provide enough details of these two leaders so that a reader, who does not know of them, will be able to follow the points about them that you are making.Your assignment should demonstrate that you know what makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur in any situation. Word count (from the start of the Introduction section to the end of the Conclusion section, does not Include tables): 251 8 Executive Summary Defining the difference between a manager and a leader comes down to a few fundamental elements. Within this is the bases of identifying a follower from a leader, and the situation at hand .Often great leaders are created form a critical situation, hence why a continual development plan on self-growth and organizational growth Is Important as It pushes a leader beyond what Is expected of them In an everyday situation. A leader can be defined in many areas of life. Being a parent would be the first real role of presenting as a leader. From there, career choices or situations then reveal aspects of a leader. Some of the most powerful leaders of today, have stated that through adversity, they become who they are in this moment as it taught them fundamental lessons in managing life.To illustrate what makes a good leader, I will be comparing two personalities In this paper, 1. Richard Brannon (Abramson because he really does some outrageous moves In business and 2. Anthony Robbins (Robbins), because he has this unlimited passion for creating unlimited potential in anyone he meets. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to leaders 6 1 . 1 Anthony Robbins – The God father of life coaching 6 1. 2 Sir Richard Brannon – World's most exceptional business leader. 7 2. Understanding the nature of leadership 8 2. 1 Leadership or management 9 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. 0 The followers 10 The situation 1 1 3. Leadership and change 13 4. Leadership skills 15 Leading an individual 15 Leading a team or group 15 5. Leadership intelligence, power and influence 16 Intelligence 16 Power and influence. 18 Conclusion 19 â€Å"For people to be true leaders, they must first see things for how they are, not worse. It's really about mastering the strength within yourself so that you can conquer the outer world around you† â€Å"Life is a gift, not a chore†. Anthony Robbins Entrepreneur, Author, Peak Performance Specialist. Mimi shouldn't blindly accept leader's advice.You've got to question leaders on occasion†. Sir Richard Brannon Entrepreneur, Visionary, Founder of Virgin Group 1 . Introduction to leaders 1 . 1 Anthony Ro bbins – The God father of life coaching Robbins (born in California, February 29, 1960) is an exceptional example of turning struggle into success. He is a recognized authority on the psychology of leadership. In the personal improvement industry, Robbins was the first to surpass more than a billion dollars in sales. He is one of the most successful advisors to world leaders, such as Nelson Mandela, Mikhail Cockroach and Bill Clinton.And one of the most sought-after speakers in the world (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). His philosophy is simple – create a set of standards that will in turn create change. See table 1. Brannon, (born in Blackhead, London July 18 1950) the name behind the world's most irresistible brand, Virgin. There are over 100 Virgin companies in various industries all over the world. (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). According to an Ipso MOOR Captains of Industry Poll, Brannon has been voted as the most impressive business person in Britain' (Britai n's most impressive businessman' n. ). Brannon got a taste for entrepreneurship when he started a business magazine ‘Success', at the age of sixteen. The Virgin brand was then discovered, starting as a mail order business, then expanded into Virgin Records. Abrasion's is the only person to build eight billion dollar companies in eight different sectors. He was ninth in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006, worth slightly more than E billion (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Abrasions values to his success. See Table 2. What makes a leader? What makes one greater than the other?Firstly both are leaders because of their ability to create change through drive and passion, in turn inspiring followers. To compare Brannon and Robbins, the need to analyze the fundamentals of the nature of leadership are required. 2. Understanding the nature of leadership Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012, define a good leader as more than Just a calculation, planning or following a checklist, it also involve s touching others feelings. This emphasizes that leadership is more than Just instructing followers, but rather touching people's hearts as well as their heads.Emotions play a major role in success. Brannon and Robbins do this equally. Robbins does this on a greater scale as he is called on by leaders when facing a critical situation to provide strategic advice. In 2009, Robbins worked with over three million people in eighty different countries ‘Unleashing The Power', Figurers, 2009). In 2014, Robbins, worked with over fifty million people in more than one hundred countries (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). Are these men leaders or managers? 2. 1 Leadership or management Leadership and management are closely related.They overlap as well as have distinguishable functions. See figure 1 . Described as a ‘complex phenomenon involving the leader, the follower and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012 p. 4). Galilean (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012), expresses that s ome people are managers by nature and some people are traders by nature. Table 3 identifies the individual distinctions. 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. The leader The leader is considered a role model to followers. They influence through their personal wisdom contributing to the follower's personal development and well-being.Outstanding leaders influence inspirational and intellectual stimulation creating a vision of the future (Cheer, et al 2014). Robbins and Brannon have become leaders without trying. Their unique styles have shown their level of success and therefore created followers to further nurture their dervish influence. Robbins has a unique ability to identify patterns that an individual is presenting and then gain consistent results by modeling underlying strategies. Such as his â€Å"Leadership in times of crisis† strategies. This approach was how Robbins took his own pain and suffering to evolve into a leader.For three decades, Robbins has been taking leaders at the pinnacle of their success, to align with their respective values and raising their standards by which they live. More often than not, they call on Robbins when facing critical decisions. A leader leading leaders requires continual additional engineering, as the leader then becomes the â€Å"follower†. Brannon started leading as an entrepreneur at the age of sixteen from his dorm room. Virgin Records was formed with Mimic Oldie being the first to sign a record deal with other household names assisting Virgin in becoming the biggest independent label in the world.From here, Virgin Airlines, Virgin Mobile and Virgin Galactic etc. Were born (Richard Brannon Biography n. D) Brannon stands as one of the pioneers in business and taking risks that other would never even dream of. Could a leader then become a follower? Leaders and followers have strengths and weaknesses, when under pressure, these will be exaggerated. The followers â€Å"Leadership is not restr icted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role; followers are part of the leadership process, too† (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012).Fellowship is a critical part of the leadership equation. Without followers there would be no leader. Robbins has a theory that leaders give, and followers receive, but equally these two elements can only exist as being as one and Robbins has changed the lives of over one hundred million people. He is a Unitarian feeding more than three million people in fifty six countries a year. He has impacted many followers' lives by his bestselling self-help books, audio programs and live events (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Abrasion's Virgin brand has over one hundred companies' worldwide employing approximately sixty thousand people. Brannon is an avid social media user voted as the Auk's number one twitter user and worlds most followed person on Linked with more than eleven million followers across social media networks. He has written several books and has touched the lives of many students etc. Y encouraging an advisory centre to support common issues (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). The situation Does a leader develop from a situation? Out of crisis, some of the most extraordinary leaders are born.This would indicate the influences from a particular situation will encourage leadership qualities to be initiated in possibly a follower who now becomes a leader. ‘Leadership is the result of a complex set of interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 15) Brannon and Robbins have developed as powerful leaders by implementing the viral of experience which highlights the process of action-observation-reflection (A- O-R) model, which has been critical in their leadership development and understanding of dealing with the situation (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 7). 2. 2 Understanding the Interaction Model of Leadership Understanding what makes a good leader and the effectiveness of the application to practice can be challenging. There has been no development of a leadership frame to model, unless it is aligning with spiritual, servant or transformational theories that have formulated a structure (Lethal, 2014). Subsequently, the way one leads will be determined by the followers and the situation. This then creates an element of interaction that overlap to influence the outcome. See figure 2. Gannett & Church 2012, p. 5).Situation vary greatly therefore analyzing and responding to situations vary between leaders. Behavior outcomes are largely innate – or artistic, and formal – or scientific, (internship plus experience). An effective leaders will exercise both the rational and emotional views – the Whole person' approach – of followers in order to produce desired results (Hughes, Gannett & church 2012, up. 6-7). Robbins gained innate (artistic) abilities from his own pain and suffering, and his formal (scientific) learning from motivational speakers and personal mentor, Jim Iron, and observation of individuals who were struggling.Brannon gained innate (artistic) abilities from his early learning from his father, a barrister, his grandfather, a Judge and as a student entrepreneur, and formal (scientific), from education at Stows School (however he had dyslexia and poor grades) and his business adventures (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Brannon has been quoted in a presentation to Mambas, part of one's ability to succeed, be aware that to all business succeed and that they should be prepared to fail (mambas Presentation article' n. D). Through failure comes success. . Leadership and change Leading change is perhaps the most difficult challenge facing any leader (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p. 556). Change has been known to cause fear. Leaders must therefore have a strong element of trust from followers that give a sense of security. Identifying a rational approach to ch ange requires road map for leaders to follow. According to Beer (Hughes, Gannett and Church 2012, p. 559), application of C = D x M P > R is a rational and straightforward approach to implement (see table 4).However, with change comes various factors to consider, which is strongly referenced towards resistance. There is an evident expectation-performance gap (see figure 3) that is commonly seen and should be managed through communication. Expectations that for change to take affect and results to be instant are unrealistic and require a certain level of patience. Another factor is emotions commonly associated with change that involves a sense of self-reflection or rejection and dealt with by being aware of the SARA model see figure 4.Robbins has a significant amount of trust from his followers, so much so that some of the world's greatest leaders have called on him as a strategic adviser. American anyone in the world to personally coach their business, they requested Robbins (Anthon y Robbins Biography n. D). Brannon as a leader in business, is someone that is most admired. In a presentation to Mambas, Brannon expressed that in business, a strong sense of ethics is fundamental in individual success, also believing that creativity, intuition and empathy are equally important (Abramson gives advice to Mamba's n. D).Depending upon the situation, a certain level of skillet is required to be an exceptional leader. 4. Leadership skills Skills associated with leadership will be expressed in various situations. How to lead an individual will differ from a team or a group. Leading an individual When working with and individual, it is obvious, there are areas to consider and work with such as interests/motivation, skills/abilities, values/attitudes, interpersonal behavior. All these factors can be nurtured easily, however when there are multiples such as in a group or team, it can create a new paradigm.Leading a team r group Team = often members of the same team (footbal l team), with common goals such as developing a new project or winning a championship, often having to work together to create the outcome. Group = members belong to a group for personal reasons, (church group), which may clash with other group members ideals. Often work independently (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p 391). Robbins has a strong influence over individuals as well as groups and teams. During his seminars, he has participants walking barefoot over hot coals.Robbins metaphor that those who achieve greatness is the ability to take action-even if they experience fear (Tony Robbins' n. D). Abrasions Virgin Empire, has been recognized as the most desirable employer brand to work for according to two thousand British workers. He has also been described as being knowledgeable and innovative and very popular with 35 – 54 year olds (Virgin-named top employer brand', n. D). Effectiveness of leadership may be based on whether the team reaches its objectives. However, this may not be an affective observation. To gain understanding how a team functions iceberg metaphor is used to (see figure 5. ). 5.Leadership intelligence, power and influence Intelligence Hahn, et al (2012), believe that emotional intelligence involves a connection between various states of fear, pain and desire. In business, it plays a significant role determining factors that influence the effectiveness of a person, however it should not be a substitute for skills, knowledge and abilities. Difficult due to their achievements table 5, provides insight into Trichina theory of intelligence. OCEAN method is used to profile leaders. From this, there are five factors that are evident. Robbins and Brannon have shown that they have very similar traits (see figure 6).Good leaders have a high degree of CEQ and an innate ability to comply with these qualities: Strong sense of integrity, high ethical standards, recognize if they don't know or understand, confident, aware and exceptional decisio n-making capacity (Hahn, et al, 2012). Power and influence. Robbins and Brannon would be considered transformational leaders. They have the ability to exude a level of power and influence over their followers. Expertise times trust equals credibility. A 360-degree feedback report identified for leadership success and effectiveness, credibility was the most important (Hughes, Gannett & ropy 2012, p. 277-281). One specific advantage Robbins and Brannon have as being effective leaders is that they are both excellent communicators. Communication effectiveness is based on the ability to articulate arguments, advocate positions, persuade others and communicate feelings and ideas. Robbins was recognized by Toastmasters as one of the world's greatest speakers with a Golden Gavel Award. Brannon Received ‘The 2014 Business for Peace Award', in Oslo, Norway ‘The Business for Peace Foundation', 2014 Business Peace Award. Ethics and values are the bases of why these leaders attract l oyal followers.To become a great leader, it is not necessarily fact that you are a ‘born leader' as many leaders have developed from crisis situations. It has also been noted that many a great leader has given homage back to a power greater than themselves as playing a part in their leadership abilities and purpose. West and Noel (2013), state that leaders that are aware of God as they lead, understand the effectiveness of not Just numerical growth, but of the quality of life in their disciples {followers} lives and the effectiveness of leadership.What makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur? A successful leader is one who, being self-aware, uses available resources ethically and efficiently, adequately addresses followers' needs, and applies an optimal rational/emotional solution to the situation at hand (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, up. 34-35). Robbins and Brannon exhibit the above qualities. They are both board members of companies other than their own. Robbin s has been recognized as â€Å"Top 50 Business intellectuals in the world† and voted â€Å"Top 200 Business Gurus†, (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Brannon has been recognized for various awards such as amour of Knight Bachelor for his services to entrepreneurship, by Charles, Prince of Wales, and is eighty five of the list of top two hundred Britons. We could safely state, that they are great leaders of the twenty first century (Richard Brannon' n. D). Comparing one to the other to determine which would be considered greater is difficult. They are both humanitarians, entrepreneurs and naturally exceptional leaders. The differentiation would be that Brannon is a leader ahead of his game in business and Robbins leads the leaders to continually improve on being an exceptional leader.

Compare the poems “Hard Frost” and “winter the Huntsman”

â€Å"Winter the Huntsman† and Hard Frost† are both poems which have the same settings, both are in the season of winter, Hard Frost (HF) was set at the end of winter and Winter the Huntsman (WTH) was set at the beginning of winter. â€Å"WTH† is set in a forest being captured by winter and â€Å"HF† is set in a rural, and near habitation. Also the image in hard frost is completely different to image portrayed in W. T. H. The image from H. F is that there is human habitation this is proven by this quote ‘at every footstep a tiny brittle pane is broken'. With the idea of humans being able to live along side with frost gives me the effect a Christmas card feel to the poem. In W. T. H the image created by the poem is completely different. The image is a cruel and harsh. The theme is a huntsman hunting down all colour and life from summer. Differences in the poem are continued with the use of personification. In â€Å"HF† frost is depicted as a soldier of the army of winter, evidence of this is numerous. One particular piece from the poem describes it best, â€Å"Frost called to water â€Å"Halt! , this personifies frost as someone who would command like a sergeant in the army. More aspects of frost being humanlike is in the following quote ‘interns poor fish'. This means that he has the power to lock away fish like people in prison cells. In â€Å"WTH† the poem personifies winter as a huntsman, evidence of this is this quote â€Å"is it winter the huntsman galloping†, I think that showing winter to be a hun tsman is interesting idea. The effect of winter being a huntsman gives me image of a Huntsman hunting down the last of the summer, more good imagery from this idea is that it reflects winter as a season.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? It reflects it because winter like a huntsman it is unpredictable and kills animals and plants as well as being a strong season with a few deaths. I have also picked out some evidence of the image of the huntsman being of a cruel nature, this quote shows it well â€Å"Crashing his cruel whip†. My reasons for picking out this evidence is that its key word is cruel, normally a huntsman kills for keeping animal numbers down or for food. Being cruel for no reason has raised attention for winter the huntsman enjoying the deaths he causes. The idea of winter the huntsman taking deaths gives him more power than anything in the forest. Evidence of him having power is in this quote â€Å"hiding each tree from his brother†, this shows that he has the power to torture trees when the huntsman likes. Both poems are littered in figures of speech. One example in hard frost is a mixture of simile and alliteration this quote is it â€Å"and tench in water bowls lurk under gluey glass like fish in bowls†. The simile in this piece of figurative language is effective because it gives effect of fish trapped in fish bowls; the bowls are formed by a unfrozen ice in the centre of a pond, giving the comparison of tench acting like goldfish. The alliteration in this poem ‘gluey glass' reinforces the idea of the fish being trapped in bowls; it does this by the ‘gl' sound made when you say the words. The effect is given because if you say ‘gl' it slows down your speaking speed. This is similar to the situation the fish are in, because the fish are stuck in the bowls and the alliteration slows down your speech rather like glue does to objects. A good example of good figurative language in winter the huntsman is these two simple words â€Å"iron glades† its dramatic effect is to harness the fact that winter is in the forest. It does this by comparing a frozen patch grass to a open area made from iron. The writer has chosen to do this because the colour of iron is dull and boring which reflects the grass in the glade. The fact that the grass looks dull gives more effect to image that winter the huntsman is killing of colour. Also iron tough and hard this probably indicates that the ground is frozen solid, another property of iron is that it is shiny, this contrasts with idea that the glade is frozen so that is shines a it. Another piece of imagery generated by HF is a metaphor ‘hangs a dagger from house eaves', this metaphor is comparing icicles to daggers. Using daggers another way do describe icicles gives the effect of a shape material, also daggers are reflective so that reinforces the idea of sharp cold weapon. Use of language in both poems is quite similar except for some types which tend to be different in a few ways. An example of colour used in poems would be one in H. F, it mentions colours (green, black and white) and allows colour to be present in the poem. In winter the huntsman colour is being hunted down, this quote proves this idea â€Å"and copper leaves fall† this suggests that the last of the leaves are gone so there is no more colour. One more of creative language is how harsh the poem is. In Hard Frost people are allowed to live, an example of this is â€Å"at every footstep breaks a brittle pane†. The key word in the sentence to give the idea of human habitation is ‘footsteps'. With idea of human habitation this poem gives me the image of a Christmas card. In winter the huntsman this is completely opposite, because it's more about winter taking over life and being cruel to what's left of life. Evidence of this is â€Å"as night creeps from the ground hides each tree from its brother† this gives me the image that he is isolating the trees so that makes them more vulnerable to the winter. I got the impression he is killing trees and being harsh. This is in the sentence â€Å"till many a mighty branch is torn asunder† this means that he is ripping the limbs of the trees making them feel pain. In the end both poems are different in imagery but the best image in my opinion is the one in hard frost because it's the Christmas that everyone tends to see. However winter the huntsman is more realistic but it is a image of winter that people don't want to see, because of the holiday of Christmas.

Federal Government of the United States Essay

Introduction In the American political system Federalism is a basic Structural feature that has mostly generated a great deal of conflict throughout political history America. It involves the governments multiple layers with shared powers amongst them and the unique powers to varieties of the levels of the government (Wood Gordon, 1995). The most three important levels of American federalism are the federal or national government, the states, and the local governments (cities, counties, townships). In the world most of the political systems are unitary systems, but in the system of American it is system of divided government (Wood Gordon, 1995). In the history American Federalism it has evolved over the course. In the time at different points, the boundaries and balance between the state and national government have changed substantially. In the recent time, the main role of the national government dramatically expanded, and it always to expand in the twenty-first century. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today. In the American political system three examples of federalism that has evolved from its origins are federalism, unitary, and confederate. Federalism almost is a way of nations organizing so that two or more government levels will have formal authority over the people and same area.  In the Unitary system all the power resides in the central government in which most of the governments are today and confederate, most of the power is in the hands of it components and the national government is weak (Wood Gordon, 1995). Over the two centuries the federal system has changed and it’s why the American federalism system is at the center of important battles over the policy (John E. Finn, 2007). Mostly Federalism decentralizes our policies and politics. The powers of overlapping between the two levels government demonstrate the tension with national and states government over who should control the policy and power. Most of the American states are also policy innovators being responsible for new ideas, many reforms, and new policies that are why we stand by till today (John E. Finn, 2007). Examine three to five (3-5) factors that have allowed the concept of federalism to shape American political behavior. In federalism the political system respect to bureaucracy, based upon promoted enculturation of honor, democracy in government within the citizens, the political leaders, and the American society. By the awareness of the people the process increased and regularized by the liberty and civil rights. American citizens seek free will from the governments and Constitutional security of justice. In the American federal system the political parties free to have support conflicting political agenda, free will to voice out, ideas, and ideologies. While the liberals go with the democrats the group of conservative support the Republicans. The Democrats and Republicans represent the main political parties of American along with minor independent parties. The American governments cultivate federalism, by demanding of reforms the citizens of America also contribute in shaping up political changes. Although legislators look upon amendment of Constitution and creation of laws, the citizens have their voices heard and participate. In the whole time, the voting attitude of Americans demonstrated changes. For example, Solid South in the part of Southern states used to be solid supports of Democrats but it was politically divided over time (Maier, Pauline, 2010).In the maintain of consistency the Constitution of US obligate the state and federal governments. With the ruling of democratic, the American federal government also allows amendments of the Constitution as called by the political changes and condition. In the system of US  Constitution the State governments have powers to create and maintain policies but the federal government oversees any policy to ensure agreement. Some time the power conflicts of authority become foreseeable due to nationwide applicability of the Constitution of US. (Maier, Pauline, 2010). Discuss at least two (2) factors that illustrate how the relationship between the states and the U.S. federal government influences the creation of American policies overall. In making of policies of America, constitution amendments through popular vote of the people or state governments may seek ratification of the policy. Through congress the federal government may conclude if votes of American states will be needed on proposed amendments. Like the groups of special interest, state legislatures can also lobby the federal legislatures (Maier, Pauline, 2010). Federalism reflected in state judiciary systems and also reflected in national judiciary system. For example, the laws of state enforce driving safety and speed rules in conformity to policies of federal government to ensure not to lose the highway federal budget privileges (Maier, Pauline, 2010). The power of the State government are mainly geared on the dealings and working of the state but on the other side the power of federal government are mainly after the dealings of the nation in general so that that it may cover some states affairs. In the system of Constitution of US, the State governments have their own constitution but also it abide and obliged with the Constitution of US. Under the valuable concept of federalism system the state and federal governments work hand in hand for the USA (Maier, Pauline, 2010). References: 1. Wood, Gordon, (1995). The Republic of America, 1775-1786. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2. John E. Finn (2007). â€Å"Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties Part II: Lecture 5: The Constitutional and Court Interpretation†. The Teaching Company. pp. 51–60 3. Maier, Pauline (2010). Ratification : the Constitutional debate by the people 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 977-0-654-88844-76 p.22.

Work Effectively with in Mental Health 21503

ASSIGNMENT Work Effectively in Mental Health CHCMH301A 21503A STUDENTS ARE ONLY REQUIRED TO COMPLETE PART B. PART B. Essential Knowledge Case Study Lee 1. What are some of the stigmas surrounding mental illness? Stigma is when someone judges you based on a personal trait. Unfortunately this is a common experience for people who have a mental health condition. Stigma may be obvious and direct, such as someone making a negative comment about your mental illness or treatment. Or it may be subtle, such as someone assuming you could be unstable, violent and dangerous. Some of the issues facing those suffering mental illness may include: Discrimination at school or work Difficulty finding work Bullying, physical violence or harassment The belief that you will never succeed at certain things, or that you can’t improve your situation 2. Mental illness is a form of disability. What does this mean in terms of legislation and standards of practice for people who experience mental illness? This means people who are suffering from mental illness are protected from direct or indirect discrimination based on disability. They are protected under a number of Acts. It also ensures they have access to, and are offered ital services and support. 3. How can the recovery model be applied to Lee’s situation? It is essential to involve Lee in the development of a recovery program to suit him and his situation, as well as the relationships in his life. The program you develop should be person-centred, and respectful of Lee’s lifestyle choices, pr eferences, goals, rights and responsibilities. Support and services for Lee, such as: Social interaction Employment, training, learning new skills Peer support groups & Education regarding Mental illness, Body dysmorphic disorder, Would all be beneficial to him, but he must be interested and willing to participate. . What rights and responsibilities will Lee have as a client of the mental health service? Lee has the right to: *Accurate and easy-to-understand information *Make decisions when possible *Relevant services (have access to) *Confidentiality *Complain and appeal *Be free from discrimination, to be treated with respect and as an individual Lee’s responsibilities include: *Participation in his recovery program planning *Informing his support group *Actively participating in the services, programs he has agreed to partake in *Seek help if he is feeling out of control, discriminated against, or fearful of a situation 5. What rights and responsibilities will Barbara have as Lee’s carer? Will Barbara have access to Lee’s personal and health information once he becomes 18 years old? As Lee’s carer, Barbara has a right to: *Current and accurate information *Advocate for Lee if she needs to *Be treated with respect and non-discrimination *Participate in the program planning process *Complain and appeal *Confidentiality Barbara has a responsibility to: *Advocate for Lee if needed *Share vital information with the care team *Work with others to help Lee succeed in the program *Respect Lee’s decisions *Care for Lee without discrimination Be aware of the Legislation surrounding caring for the mentally ill *Identify and respond to Lee’s risk of self-harm Barbara must obtain Lee’s permission to access his information once he turns 18 years old. 6. What action could be taken if Lee does not comply with his medication regimen or continues to be violent? Lee could be admi tted to hospital for medical treatment, or into a facility that specialises in Mental Illness. This is not only to protect him, but also those he lives with, as everyone has a right to be safe. 7. Lee’s father, Frank, is not coping with Lee’s disclosure of his homosexuality. Frank feels that Lee may be confused and not have sufficient knowledge or experience to be sure of his sexual preference. He would like Lee to receive counselling to help ‘sort this problem out’. What advice would you give Frank? You must remember to be respectful of Frank’s opinion and views. I would offer Frank information on homosexuality so he may better understand his son’s sexual preference and also suggest joining a support group. Frank cannot be told how to feel about his son’s sexuality, but giving him information may help him to understand and accept it more easily. . What other support and services are available to support Lee to live independently in the community if he chooses to leave the family home at some stage? *Housing assistance *Income support services *Community support groups *Education, training and employment services *Transport services REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY Aspire Training and Consulting Cengage Education PTY LTD 2010 www . health. qld. gov. au/mentalhealth www. wikipedia. org/bodydysmorphicdisorder www. au. reachout. com www. communities. qld. gov. au/supportservices